Links

From the website History Matters:“Run Old Jeremiah”: Echoes of the Ring Shout
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/575
 
From the Street Swing site: http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3ringshout.ht 
 [click on highlighted dances in the text to read about the history of these related dances]
 
From PBS Great PerformancesFree to Dance: From slave ships to center stage to Rita Allen
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/freetodance/behind/behind_slaveships1.html
 
From the New Georgia Encyclopedia: McIntosh County Shouters
www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-520
 
Geechee and Gullah Culture
www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1063
 
From Making of America The black man of the South, and the Rebels  fttp://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa&cc=moa&idno=abl5152.0001.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=387
 OR
go to http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa at the bottom of that page search for "black man of the south" choose the title by Charles Stearns click on p. 372

I didn't hand this one out--it's rather offensive in tone--but it's useful as it is apparently an eyewitness account: Beginning on page 372 there is a description of Shouting, apparently from the writer's eyewitness account. Note that this description describes the participants as jumping into the air, apparently at least one foot would come off the ground/floor? In one account by a WPA oral history participant (a woman who had formerly been enslaved), she too described participants jumping in the air. Also note that the writer of Black Man..., although sympathetic with the idea of bringing Christianity to the enslaved Africans and with their eventual freedom, takes a very condescending view of their culture. So, take his comments on culture with a sea of salt!

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